The COINS software has been developed with a specific focus on modelling the terrestrial carbon cycle, but its utility is potentially broader, particularly within the general area of ecological analysis and natural resource management.
However, there are simplifications and uncertainties in GCM projections of future climate change, as well as further uncertainties involved in modelling the associated terrestrial vegetation responses.
The system is modeled after the terrestrial network, but instead of using its standards called the TCP/IP protocol suite packet switching and store-and-forward methods the Interplanetary Internet uses delay- and disruption-tolerant networking (DTN routing information through hosts that hold on to it until a communications link can be established.
Melillo and his associates have developed and used a simulation model, the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model, to consider the impacts of various aspects of global change (climate, chemistry of the atmosphere and precipitation, land cover and land use).
To generate this data set, a process-based biogeochemistry model, the terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM) [13 15] along with spatially referenced information on climate, elevation, soils, and vegetation land use data are used.
This paper fills the gap in this area and provides a new data set which estimates land productivity at 0.5° × 0.5° (longitude × latitude) grid-cell level using a process-based biogeochemistry model, the terrestrial ecosystem model (TEM) calibrated for a C4 crop.
WEAP21 models the terrestrial water cycle to represent physical hydrology using a one-dimensional, two-storage soil compartment water balance.
The Carnegie, Ames, Stanford Approach CASAA) terrestrial biogeochemical model, designed to simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle using satellite sensor and meteorological data, was used to estimate annual regional fluxes in terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP).
Findings in this study indicate that more sophisticated parameterization schemes of fire severity and post-fire vegetation recovery are needed for the vegetation-fire models to better simulate the terrestrial carbon cycling and climate-ecosystem feedbacks.
