In linear models, the hat matrix contains the linear coefficients that present each predicted outcome as a function of all observations.
Since the residuals are unobserved, but rather estimated as e ^ i = y i − μ ^ i, equation (2) is reformulated as: E e ^ i 2 / 1 − h i = ϕ i, and can be fitted using a gamma model with weights (1- h i )/2, where h i is the i th diagonal element in the hat matrix of the mean sub-model; the hat matrix is described in Rönnegård et al. [ 12].
In the context of network meta-analyses and model (5), the hat matrix is: (6) H : = X a (X a ′ V a − 1 X a ) − 1 X a ′ V a − 1.
To model the whole vector ( {hat {mathbf {r}}_{x}^{nu }} ), the dictionary is extended to include the DC component, which is set to zero, as well as the negative cycle frequencies.
Cara had already done her first shoot, aged 10, modelling Philip Treacy hats for the photographer Bruce Weber in Vogue Italia.
At 5 feet 4, she was too short for most fashion work, but she found a niche modeling hats.
Last summer we bore in silence the Johnny Jeep hats, modelled on soldiers fatigue hats; the Pierre, based on the pompom berets of French sailors, and even the critical week in the African fighting this spring that Life immortalized with an article on the girls' berets adapted from that of General Montgomery.
The models' coronet hats, by the way, were based on an African custom of wrapping the horns of bulls in bright cloth.
All the models wore hats by the milliner Philip Treacy that were made of trash-can liners and aluminum cans, or recycled household objects; the makeup, inspired by the mad look of Terry Gilliam's "Brazil," gave the models the appearance of plastic faces that were all lips.
But his most telling gesture was in the hats the models wore: bowler hat piled upon bowler hat, statesmen hats, proper hats, wise-men hats, all collected in a jumble on a girl's innocent head.
