Although the probabilistic damage-tolerant design based on some models may involve a certain amount of risk in stable crack propagation region, they just accord with the fact that the dispersion degree of test data in this region is relatively smaller.
This model may involve initially directing patients to members of the medical profession for conventional medical assessment.
The beneficial effect of Citral administration in this severe LN model may involve an effect on Th cell responses.
More complex models may involve orthotopic transplantation at appropriate primary sites, or inoculation of tumour cells through routes which maximise the chance of metastatic spread (Table 1B).
Stiffness is a common problem of ODE systems where integration of molecular pathway models may involve processes at different time scales.
It appears that the whole-body fatigue model involves central changes in the brainstem in sites involved in both pain and fatigue while the single muscle fatigue model may involve different mechanisms.
A model including all three time variables was not computed because the use of a full age period cohort model may involve serious methodological difficulties (Clayton and Schifflers, 1987a, 1987b).
Tomer Shlomi (Technion University, Israel) also showed that reconstructing a model may involve further challenges, pertaining for instance to the proper account of cellular compartments in absence of prior knowledge of enzyme localization.
Key issues are dimensionality: models may involve several undetermined parameters, identification: different parameter combinations may produce similar dynamics, for example, increasing a production rate may be almost equivalent to decreasing a decay rate, local maxima: the likelihood function may have many locally optimal values.
Other models may involve so-called public 'community members' (for example, town-hall-style panels), but in fact may be what Arnstein would label 'placation' and a symbol of tokenism [ 46] - that is, a facade of inclusiveness that in reality merely acts to legitimate the decisions of science experts.
