This paper presents a fast, accurate and low-cost methodology to fill this gap and highlights the effect of the digital elevation model characteristics, such as the interpolation method and spatial resolution, on modelled water levels and flooded areas.
It is also important to understand how the estimates obtained using different models are sensitive to the choice of model characteristics, such as the shape of the inter-division time distribution.
Although several plant TFNs are well known, the framework for systematically modeling complex characteristics such as switch-like behavior, oscillations, and homeostasis that emerge from them remain elusive.
In the modelling, neighbourhood characteristics such as land-use composition and positioning with respect to the urban network and its major transport axes are considered as attraction/repulsion factors for soil sealing.
31 In the models, demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education, monthly household income and employment status were entered in the first block for control purposes.
This study offers the capability to model different failure characteristics, such as, an increasing, decreasing or constant machine failure rate.
Empirical models predict understory characteristics such as species composition or abundance from statistical relationships with predictors.
Low-velocity impact tests were performed to verify the developed damage model, and various characteristics such as delamination and the force displacement were evaluated.
The degrees of freedom (DOFs) of the two dynamic models and nonlinear characteristics such as gaps, stops, friction forces, and wheel-rail contact geometry were all taken into consideration.
