To externally validate the CKD model, we alter the model's cohort to reflect participants of two different published studies and compare the model's projections to theirs.
The UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modeling and Projections is currently working to refine the child model within Spectrum to better capture these nuances.
However, this analysis relied upon complex mathematical modeling and projections, and not only on direct empirical evidence of effectiveness from randomized trials.
Estimating incidence in difference groups of the population can be done using mathematical models such as the "Mode of Transmission" model distributed by UNAIDS and recommended by their Reference Group on Estimates, Modeling and Projections [ 6, 7].
In 2005, the UNAIDS Reference Group on Estimates, Modeling and Projections issued a cautionary statement about using BED to estimate HIV incidence and called for the development of additional laboratory and modeling methodologies [ 4].
HTA in this context relies on modeling and projections of costs and benefits, and is subject to many uncertainties that can only be reduced by the collection of long-term epidemiological data linking interventions with lifetime health outcomes.
Deterrence relies on computer models and projections; its predictions are uncertain.
In the last few days, the two companies have offered competing economic models and projections.
Nuclear winter relied on computer models and projections; its predictions were uncertain.
In fact, the N.R.C. relies for its decisions on operator-supplied computer models and projections.
