An example using an artificial map to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed model in mountainous terrain is also demonstrated.
We evaluated the model against eddy-covariance (EC) measurements from established stations in the Alps, and analyzed the main limitations which affect the model performance in mountainous regions.
The model can optimize alignments in mountainous terrain or regions with very complex geography.
Based on the wind tunnel contraction, a novel transition curve is proposed for modeling mountainous deep-cutting valley terrain in the wind tunnel test or numerical simulation.
This brings to question the use of Helmert orthometric heights in validating gravimetric geoid models in general and specifically in mountainous areas, in view of the increasing accuracy in geoid modelling.
Therefore rigorous orthometric height system should be used in validating gravimetric geoid models in general and specifically in mountainous areas, in view of the increasing accuracy in geoid modelling.
For this, reason it was considered important to develop a medium scale numerical model for rapid mass movements in mountainous and volcanic areas.
In comparison to 1-D models, 3-D models reproduce the radiation field more realistically in mountainous terrain as they allow to consider shadowing effects and reflections from tilted surfaces.
These findings should improve the accuracy of models for predicting surface hydrogeomorphological processes in mountainous hillslopes.
Based on the same results, a geomorphological hydrogeological conceptual model for layered weathered granitic massif in mountainous areas was also proposed.
