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As indicated in the meeting report (White et al. 2009), most workshop participants preferred a linear, no-threshold approach to low-dose extrapolation modeling, combined with modeled estimates of the low range of observed data, for noncancer, as well as cancer, outcomes in the absence of convincing evidence to indicate that an alternative model is more appropriate.
We compared how using observed and modeled estimates of tree mortality during wildfire (Figure 1) might influence the timing of carbon recovery in treated and untreated stands in our study area.
These direct measurements were compared with modeled estimates of mercury dry-deposition to the site that were obtained through the use of an inferential or "bigleaf" model that was modified for use with speciated mercury.
Time scales of recovery in treated (TB, filled bars) and untreated (NTB, open bars) forest stands, using observed and modeled estimates of mortality rates to set initial conditions, using (a) pre-treatment carbon density (175.51 Mg C ha-1) and (b) post treatment carbon density (111.85 Mg C ha-1) to define the threshold of recovery.
In this paper we compare modeled estimates of GPP for forested areas across the U.S.A. derived from: NASA's MODIS Product (MOD17); the C-Fix model using SPOT-VGT satellite-derived vegetation data; and the Physiological Principles Predicting Growth from Satellites (3-PGS) model, a process-based model that requires information on both climate and soil properties.
Comparison of assay-derived incidence to modeled estimates of incidence provided evidence that when calibrating assay-derived incidence based on the Zimbabwe FRR of approximately 5%, assay-derived incidence estimates were inconsistent with those obtained by other methods in both Kenya and Uganda.
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We used nationally available, existing land cover classification derived from 30 m Landsat imagery (LANDFIRE EVT) and a modeled estimate of pre-European settlement land cover (LANDFIRE BpS).
The results of our modeled estimate of population size of susceptible children suggested that between 1988 and 2004, the population of susceptible children in the district was 97,401 exceeding the size of two birth cohorts (Table 2).
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00590.003 Overall, we estimate that one-quarter of chondrichthyans are threatened worldwide, based on the observed threat level of assessed species combined with a modeled estimate of the number of Data Deficient species that are likely to be threatened.
Extrapolation of the household results by state to all solid cookfuel-using households in India, covered by NFHS 2005, resulted in a modeled estimate of 450 μg/m (95% CI: 318,640) and 113 μg/m (95% CI: 102,127), for national average 24-hr PM2.5 concentrations in the kitchen and living areas respectively.
Extrapolation of the household model to all solid cookfuel using households in India, covered by Indian NFHS 2005, resulted in a modeled estimate of 450 μg/m (95% CI: 318,640) in the kitchen area and 113 μg/m (95% CI: 102,127) in the living area, for mean 24-h PM2.5 concentrations.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com