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Following Davidian and Giltinan (1995), a natural Nonlinear Mixed-effects ODE Model (NLME-ODE) is modeled as (i) Within-subject variation: y ij = g(θ i,t ij ) + ε ij.
The composite microstructure is modeled as (i) random distribution of ceramic particles (voxels) in the metal matrix, and (ii) using micro-CT scans of the real microstructure transformed into a FE mesh.
We assume that each component of h2i*is modeled as i.i.d.i.d
Accordingly, the relationship between them can be modeled as I(p + mv, t − 1) = I p, t), where I p, t) denotes the value of pixel in p position at t time and mv represents motion vector.
The effect of PBS in the I-V characteristics is modeled as I D = 2 V GS without PBS + V PBS - V T V D - V D 2 1 + V D V c. (6).
According to the relationship between a current and its density, the current voltage response of a TGN SB FET, as a main characteristic, is modeled as I = 2 el m * ∫ − ∞ + ∞ k B T 3 2 x 1 2 dx A − B k B T 2 3 D x + M + N + x + M 2 2 3 − C k B T 2 3 D x + M + N + x + M 2 2 3 1 + exp x − e K B T V GT V DS − V DS 2 2 (13).
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δ's are therefore modeled as Bernoulli i.i.d., with probability p i for each δ i : (6) π ∝ ∏ i ∈ p p i.
Consequently, L i is modeled as follows: L i = α i b i × GRC + c i if GRC ≤ G if G < GRC, (5).
Since path loss is taken into consideration, the channel matrix is a composite matrix and is modeled as follows: l i, i + 1 H i, i=0,…, m, of which H i represents the channel matrix between RS i and RS i+1, li,j denotes the path loss between RS i and RS j.
Heritability was then estimated as the ratio of variance due to genetic similarity (modeled as g i in the equation above) and the total phenotypic variability, Ω.
The probability assigned to node j in the diffusion state of node i is modeled as (3) s ^ i j : = exp { x i T w j } ∑ j ' exp { x i T w j ' } where ∀ i, x i, w i ∈ R d for d ≪ n.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com