Consequently, the misalignment effects can no longer be accurately modeled as equivalent forces applied to a nominal unperturbed system.
In multilayer graphene-metamaterial (GM) absorbers, ultrathin metamaterial elements are theoretically modeled as equivalent loads which attached to the junctions between two transmission lines.
Bridge details with complicated multiple stiffeners are modeled as equivalent shell elements using equivalent orthotropic materials, resulting in the same longitudinal and lateral stiffness in the unit width and shear stiffness in the shell plane as the original configuration.
Moreover, structural sensitivity analysis showed that when the treatment effect of ivabradine was modeled only on HF mortality, with other CV death modeled as equivalent to SoC, a more favorable ICER estimate was achieved (€7,903/QALY gained).
These sources were modeled as equivalent current dipoles, which were superimposed on an MRI of a standard brain in MNI space (Fig. 1), whose prior mean locations coordinates (x, y, z) are: bilateral ITC: −43, −54, −15 (left); 43, −54, −15 (right); bilateral MTL: −27, −15, −20 (left); 27, −15, −20 (right); and bilateral IFC/VLPFC: −54, 35, 6 (left); 54, 35, 6 (right).
In general, the most effective fault tolerant control schemes rely on the online estimation and compensation of the system faults, modeled as equivalent input and output sensor faults, which are able to effectively describe any fault conditions affecting the considered wind turbine systems.
Open image in new window Fig. 15 GS2: a finite-element model and b generic Voronoi cell panel modelled as equivalent rods.
In particular, it is shown that a perforated plate or screen can be modeled as an equivalent fluid following the Johnson Allard approach with an equivalent tortuosity.
Each composite laminate is modeled as an equivalent single layer.
A battery can be modeled as an equivalent voltage source with the voltage dependent on the state of charge (SOC).
The porous material is modeled as an equivalent fluid because shear wave contributions are known to be insignificant.
