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Both estimators use auxiliary information (x) and can be obtained through a model-assisted reasoning where the ratio model with variance proportional to x plays an important role.
In this setup and without loss of generality, we consider only the Gaussian model with variance σ2 for the physical devices TY∣X and T Z ∣ X ̂. Figure 2 compares the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves associated with the two different strategies.
The sum score correlations are now lower than under the model with variance = 1.
The full model with variance components and fit statistics is given in supplemental Table A1 of the online appendix (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc08-0912).
As the full pedigree of the population is known, this was accounted for using a mixed model with variance components to account for each stratum (between funnels and between outcrossed plants within funnels).
Because the full pedigree of the population is known, this was accounted for using a mixed model with variance components to account for each stratum (between funnels and between outcrossed plants within funnels).
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We used a Generalised Least Square model with variance-covariance matrix given by Brownian motion on the tree to estimate the association coefficient and its significance.
Estimation and inference in classical linear mixed models are based on the marginal model, which for equation (1) is the bivariate normal model with variance-covariance δ i + Ω. Assume for the sake of simplicity that the within-study covariance matrix δ i = δ for all studies.
The component studies are designed to estimate a common effect size δ (we assume the fixed effects model), with variances depending on the sample sizes in the individual studies.
All data analyses were performed using mixed linear models with variance components estimated by residual maximum likelihood [17].
Both PCD and intelligence can be construed as pathology models, with variance mostly caused by rare, recent, deleterious genes.
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