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The numerical results show that the model with solid railpads and clamps reproduce the seven characteristics at a maximum frequency difference of 6%, while the conventional model with spring-damper pairs reaches only a 27%.
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It provides both advanced 3D modelling with solid elements and equivalent frame modelling.
The second interface allows the transfer of temperature results from a thermal analysis modeled with solid elements to a structural analysis modeled with beams and shells.
The presented results from different FE modelling techniques show that the RE model simulates the structural stiffness of the specimen in a comparable way of complex 3D FE models with solid elements.
Many diverse engineering problems can be modeled with solid sweeping in a conceptually simple and intuitive way, and sweeps are considered to be one of the basic representation schemes in solid modeling.
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the capability of numerical modeling with solid finite elements to represent a strongly nonlinear dynamic response of reinforced concrete structures under the effect of the seismic action.
Comprehensive parametric analyses based on elaborate finite element models with solid and shell elements are conducted to reveal the main factors that determine the two above-mentioned parameters, and to propose calculating formulas.
In view of the close fit, the models with solid railpads can be used for track and fastening design and to derive track parameters to, for instance, study the deterioration of tracks.
The variation in the visual perception of the agricultural land was examined through a GIS software and a three-dimensional land modelling with solid extrusion and an overlap of the photographic images reproducing plastic-covered protected crops.
Hollow section box columns, I-section beams, end-plates, inner diaphragms and stiffeners were modeled using shell elements; high strength bolts and concrete slab were modeled with solid elements; and flexible braces and rebar were modeled with truss elements.
Thus, the material constitutive law used in this model is far simpler than the one in which the yarn is modeled with solid elements and the interaction among the fibers can be considered.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com