In their preferred model with school-by-year fixed effects, percent LEP has a negative effect similar in magnitude to our results.
We divide male and female students into terciles based on their previous year performance in either math or reading compared to their peers in their school.22 We then estimate our value-added model with school-by-year fixed effects for each group.
NextGen also plans to help the UC center share its legal services model with schools across the country.
Using data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents we utilize a multivariate structural model with school-level fixed effects to account for the problems of contextual effects, correlated effects and peer selections to purge the potential biases from the estimates of peer influence.
We applied quasi-Poisson mixed-effects models (with school random effect) to separately estimate associations between indicators of contact with green spaces and SDQ and ADHD total and subscale scores.
For each exposure outcome pair, we developed quasi-Poisson mixed-effects models, with school as random effect, SDQ or ADHD scores as outcomes, and green space playing time, residential surrounding greenness, or proximity to a major green space (one at a time) as fixed-effect predictors.
We shared each STEM school's model with that school's stakeholders to gauge face validity, asking school staff about the accuracy and importance of the components identified in the model, and whether they felt any important part of their school was not represented.
Despite this, models with and without schooling showed no differences in other factors, and so models with schooling are not discussed further.
And some charter schools have veered so sharply from the traditional model — with longer school years, armies of nonunion workers and flashy enrichment opportunities like trips to the Galápagos Islands — that their ideas are viewed as unworkable in regular schools.
To correct for confounding, a univariate Cox regression model with only school included as a determinant was compared to a multivariate regression model containing all possible confounders.
In a model with NO2, school and residential nonfreeway TRP exposure, the estimate for NO2 was attenuated (HR = 1.37; 95% CI, 0.69 2.71; Table 5).
