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We consider the classical Wright Fisher model with mutation and selection.
We propose here an interacting particle system - the multitype voter model with mutation - as a mathematical model to study this problem.
Snapshots of the two simulations at generation 1000 are shown in Figures 2b and 2c. Figure 3 shows results for the shifting landscape model, with mutation values distributed uniformly within the limits set by μ. Figure 3a shows the mean population size as a function of μ, averaged over all generations where the population size exceeded zero.
The strict-clock model with mutation rates of 1% per million years was used.
For each coalescent tree, a microsatellite site pattern was simulated under the microsatellite model with mutation rate equal to 1.0.
Wright [ 23] found the stationary probability distribution of allele frequencies under the diffusion model with mutation and two alleles.
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The voter model, with mutations occurring at a positive rate a, has a unique equilibrium distribution.
An animal model with mutations in PDGFRα leading to excessive kinase activity was created recently.
Here, following the work by [ 8], we extend the mutation tree from [ 10] into a nonlinear model with mutations (1)–(5).
Three mutant mice and one zebrafish model with mutations in Otop1 have been described: tilted (tlt) [ 6]; mergulhador (mlh) [ 7]; inner ear defect (ied) [ 8]; and backstroke (bks) [ 9], respectively.
A mouse model with mutations in both CYP1B1 and Tyr was also developed and revealed that Tyr mutation modifies the phenotype associated with inheritance of mutant orthologs of CYP1B1 and Foxc1, both of which have been shown to be involved in human angle-closure glaucoma [ 96, 97].
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