An irreversible combined thermionic-thermoelectric refrigerator model with external finite rate heat transfer is established.
The normal 6-DOF dynamic model of the quadrotor based on the Newton Euler formula as well as the model with external uncertain disturbances are established.
The attitude tracking control problem of a spacecraft nonlinear model with external disturbances and inertia uncertainties is addressed in this paper.
Process dynamics were described successfully using a homogeneous surface diffusion model with external mass transfer and a surface diffusion coefficient that increases with surface coverage.
A new Markovian jump time-delay system model with external disturbances is then presented and sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the stability of the resulting closed-loop system and prescribed performance.
Based on the Boltzmann model with external forcing term, the UGKS uses an analytic time-dependent (or scale-dependent) solution in the construction of the discretized fluid dynamic equations in the cell size and time step scales, i.e., the so-called direct modeling method.
