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The performance of the ICEEMDAN-PSO-SVR technique was compared with alternative approaches: ICEEMDAN-multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) and ICEEMDAN-M5 model tree, as well as traditional modelling approaches: PSO-SVR, MARS and M5 model tree algorithms.
The model was developed using the M5′ model tree.
This model is trained using the locally linear model tree (LOLIMOT) algorithm.
Sensitivity analysis using M5 model tree also suggests that its results reflect the physical conditions.
Then, for further improvement of the results, two formulas were developed using model tree.
Jung, M., Reichstein, M. & Bondeau, A. Towards global empirical upscaling of FLUXNET eddy covariance observations: validation of a model tree ensemble approach using a biosphere model.
In this study, the M5′ model tree algorithm was used to predict the elastic modulus of recycled aggregate concrete.
To develop the model tree presented in this paper, over 450 data records were collected from internationally published literature.
Empirical results showed that the ICEEMDAN-PSO-SVR model performed well for all forecasting horizons, outperforming the alternative comparison approaches: ICEEMDAN-MARS and ICEEMDAN-M5 model tree and the PSO-SVR, PSO-MARS and PSO-M5 model tree algorithm.
However, machine learning techniques such as ANN, M5′ model tree and SVM provided superior models compared to NLR analysis.
3) Enhancements to the local linear model tree (LOLIMOT) construction algorithm, to achieve a physical appropriate interpretation of the LMN.
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