This model was then used to provide information for two Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) models to firstly compare and then validate results obtained from experimental data.
A once-through (decoupled) model was developed to firstly calculate the gas pressure drop at different crack depth, followed by the temperature drop.
To improve model accuracy without conceptually revising the model, various model bias correction approaches have been proposed to firstly characterize model bias at training design configurations and then approximate model bias at the intended design configuration.
We introduce a continuous time model to discuss two questions: firstly, what kind of benefit do pension savers draw from a return smoothing mechanism and secondly, how should the smoothing mechanism be steered in order to maximize the benefit for the savers.
We used 3D finite element (FE) models of THRs to, firstly, investigate the effect of initial fixation of a Cobalt-Chromium femoral head with a smooth taper surface mated with a Titanium (1) micro-grooved and (2) smooth, trunnion surface finishes.
For countries lacking sufficient vital registration data, cause of death models were used to firstly estimate the maximum likelihood distribution of deaths across the broad categories of communicable, non-communicable and injuries, based on estimated total mortality rates and income [ 8].
The model is now adapted to firstly favour PV properties and larger households, signified by higher CTBs.
Thus, two physical models are superimposed in terms to firstly calculate the deformation behavior under instationary thermal and mechanical loading (TMF) and secondly to model crack propagation after initial brittle cracking of the coating layer on the basis of cyclic crack-tip opening displacement (CTOD).
Firstly, a 'reference-model' method uses an identical or homologous higher resolution model to add restraints on torsion angles to the geometric target function.
We employ two types of model to investigate these policies firstly, illustrative cellular automata, designed to illustrate the stability of segregation and, secondly, a fully estimated model of location choice.
