Imhof and Walcher [29] considered a stochastic chemostat model and they proved that the stochastic model led to extinction, even though the deterministic counterpart predicted persistence.
In introducing the Arrow Debreu model in 1954, they proved the existence (but not the uniqueness) of an equilibrium and also proved that every Walras equilibrium is Pareto efficient; in general, equilibria need not be unique.
Other possible confounders, and their interactions with group, were also included in the regression using a forward stepwise method and were retained in the model only if they proved to be significant.
Using a murine model of arthritis, they proved that the compound (Z -5- 4-methoxybenzylidene) thiaZ -5- 4-methoxybenzylidenes the migration of macrophages and decreases the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL1- β, and IL-6.
All of these approaches can serve as models if they prove successful.
Based on power-rate-distortion (P-R-D) model in [10], they prove that power is tightly coupled with rate, thus, to trade bits for joules and to perform energy minimization are rapid method to obtain minimum energy [11].
So the reality is that the publicly funded NHS is freely providing health data-sets to a company that is using them to train machine learning models which, should they prove successful, could be used to bill the NHS in future — based on these trained models being more effective than alternative care options.
Again, given Apple's success and proven model, they probably shouldn't care.
However, "classical" animal models, although they have proved to be extremely useful, may, for some reasons, be more questionable when behavior and/or ecological contexts are too different.
The American model has proved its superiority.
