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The results from the cross-validation procedure are likely to be underestimates, since this procedure controls for all other potential covariates before adding genetics to the model; therefore it is these cross-validation results that give us confidence that genetics indeed adds predictive value.
The proposed design method directly exploits a set of closed-loop process data without requiring the use of a process model; therefore, it can be applied online to improve the performance of existing underperforming controllers.
*indicated the parameter value was fixed in the model, therefore, it was not estimated.
The mechatronic-principle-based manipulator has a relatively mature physical model; therefore, it is easy to control and implete.
CityGML has been intentionally conceived as an application-independent information model, therefore it is not designed for specific use cases.
Adj-R 2 is the adjusted form of R 2 for the number of terms in the model; therefore, it increases only if the new terms improve the model and it decreases if unnecessary terms are added.
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This could result in over-fitting of the models, therefore, it was important to compare the prediction accuracy with null models.
Granger (1969) [ 53] defined a concept of causality, which is easy to deal with in the context of VAR models; therefore, it has become quite popular in recent years [ 54].
The coarse grain model therefore makes it feasible to perform large scale DEM simulations by using a smaller number of particles than the actual number.
To overcome the limitations of 1D modeling, the authors developed a 3D CFD model, using the ANSYS Fluent solver and a four equations RANS transition turbulence model, therefore optimizing it for wind turbine applications [7].
The cross-level interaction between material deprivation and gender was not statistically significant and adding it did not improve the model fit; therefore, it was not included in the final models.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com