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But they eventually decided such simulations did not contain the required level of complexity to model the turbulence of space.
The large eddy simulation (LES) was used to model the turbulence.
The standard k−ε model is employed to model the turbulence in the flow.
An unstructured mesh was generated in the computational domain around the hull and a Re-Normalization Group K–ε formulation was used to model the turbulence.
The large-eddy-simulation (LES) approach is adopted to model the turbulence effect by using the Smagorinsky sub-grid scale (SGS) closure model.
In addition, an explicit VOF scheme and SST- Kω model is used with dynamic mesh scheme to capture the interface of a two-phase flow and to model the turbulence respectively, in 2DOF model (heave and pitch).
Similar(54)
Presumed shape multi-environment Eulerian PDF Transport method (MEPDF), which involves representing the joint composition PDF shape as a collection of finite number of Delta functions, has been used to model the turbulence-chemistry interactions.
This model is derived from the original two-fluid model and consisted of a conventional continuity equation, a modified momentum equation for the total fluid and an energy equation including the Gorter-Mellink internal convection term modeling the turbulence regime.
For modeling the turbulence, the turbulence models of k ε, k ω, Menter's shear stress transport (SST), and baseline Reynolds stress model (BSL-RSM) were applied for the liquid (continuous) phase.
The Re-Normalization Group (RNG) k-ϵ model was used for modeling the turbulence in this computational geometry due to its good accuracy, computing efficiency, robustness and affordability [ 25– 27].
The computations are based on a compressible model and a Large Eddy Simulation (LES) modeling for the turbulence.
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