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All of these simulation methods modeled the interaction of agents, despite model the path directly.
And for the channel model, the path loss, shadowing, and Rayleigh fading are included.
In this model, the path loss over T-R distance is computed as.
The two-ray propagation model is used to model the path loss.
We use the two-ray ground reflection model (1) as in previous section to model the path loss.
The previous sections have proposed empirical formulas, based on experimental results, to model the path loss and the field fluctuation and correlation in a transverse plane.
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To model the path-independent loss of energy for ground motions at high frequencies, the spectral amplitudes predicted by source models have to be modified by multiplying a high-cut filter.
The channel coefficient is modelled as (g^{n}_{c^,c,i}[ell ]=sqrt {{phi }_{c^,c,i}}[ell ] {psi }_{c^,c,i}[ell ]) for 1≤ℓ≤L, where ({phi }_{c^,c,i}phantom {dot {i}!}) model the path-loss and shadowing (large-scale fading), while the term (phantom {dot {i}!}{psi }_{c^,c,i}) is assumed to be independent identical distribution (i.i.d) of unknown random variables with C N 0,1) (small-scale fading) [3].
According to the light path model, the paths in the object are simplified as spreading straight rays.
There is one tree in two- and three-state models, the path model.
Retrograde OAE standing waves are, hence, anticipated when modelling the path taken by the OAE signals.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com