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A simple thermodynamic procedure is described which employs the liquidus line in the phase diagram of a two-component system to model the constituents of the liquid phase.
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In this model, the constituent nuclear particles are considered 'free' in a dense plasma-type media.
It is a contract-based formal specification language to complement SysML: SysML is used to model the constituent systems and interfaces among them in a SoS, and CML is used to enrich these specifications with contracts.
The efficacy of the method is demonstrated by calculating finite-energy solutions to the partially-separated Bethe Salpeter equation describing the Wick Cutkosky model when the constituents do not have equal masses.
\end{aligned}$$\end{document} We choose an anisotropic, nonlinear elastic material model for the constituents of the vessel wall, as previously proposed (Holzapfel and Ogden 2010).
A multi-scale model is developed to integrate different constitutive models of the constituents in the sandwich structures.
In such a model, the material constituents (mortar and units) and the unit mortar interfaces are separately described by means of specific constitutive equations.
Including a variable for PM2.5 in the model with the constituent addresses confounding by PM2.5 but does not address potential confounding by covarying constituents, and inclusion of such a variable could overadjust if the constituent and PM2.5 are correlated (which is likely for constituents representing a large proportion of PM2.5 total mass).
The model is created based on models for the constituent binary subsystems.
The 3D-3D model is the natural extension of the ventricle-Purkinje model developed in [ 17]. Figure 4 shows a schematic visualization of how coupling is implemented in the 3D-3D model; it illustrates the constituent models and where electrical coupling between the models occurs.
The IPS-I-model depicts the constituent skills, regulation skills, and important conditional skills.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com