To understand the complex regulatory pathways that underlie the development of refractive errors, expression profiling has evaluated gene expression in ocular tissues of well-characterized experimental models that alter postnatal eye growth and induce refractive errors.
Fundamental to the revolution will be new, innovative, visionary business models that alter systems on a grand scale.
Each of these expectations has been at least partly fulfilled by the generation and analysis of mouse models that alter the activity and/or expression of p53 and p16INK4A.
Similarly, the use of species that are prone to the development of disc degeneration, such as the sand rat, or other gene knockout models that alter disc biology may not completely reflect the complexities in etiology of human degenerative changes [ 23- 27].
We evaluated the covariates in Table 1 as potential confounders and included in the final model those that altered unadjusted ORs by 10% or more, including maternal age, race/ethnicity, family history of type 2 diabetes, and pre-pregnancy BMI.
Due to the large number of input parameters included in the model, only parameters that altered the ICER by more than €1000 were reported.
Although our model simulations showed that altered non-parenchymal cell behavior is sufficient to cause impaired regeneration dynamics that are consistent with NASH, ASH, diabetes, and cirrhosis, parenchymal cells likely also contribute to impaired regeneration.
Final multivariable regression models included covariates that altered ORs by at least 10% or were considered a priori as potential confounders in the association between migraine and PTSD [37].
Final models included covariates that altered unadjusted RRs by at least 10% and those that were identified a priori as potential confounders.
Final logistic regression models included variables that altered the unadjusted OR by at least 10%, as well as those covariates of a priori interest (i.e., maternal age).
