Sentence examples for model systems when from inspiring English sources

These previous studies (Coughlin et al, 1995, 1997, 1998; Sgadari et al, 1996) focused mainly on the role of IL-12 in stimulating immune cells to alter tumorigenicity, but other studies have also examined IL-12's effects on angiogenesis in additional tumour model systems when the cytokine was delivered systemically.

These results suggest that the application of GWA approaches using cell-based model systems, when combined with complementary functional validation, can provide insights into mechanisms responsible for variation in cytidine analogue response.

Throughout, we focus primarily on the plant group that contains the domesticated tomato, Solanum Section Lycopersicon, while referencing other model systems when appropriate.

Precision-cut liver slices have recently been evaluated for their use in studies with liver fibrosis [ 8- 10], and they are more promising as model systems when compared to cell line-based systems.

Therefore, association studies of CNVs with drug response phenotypes in cell-based model systems, when paired with functional characterization, might help to identify CNV that contributes to variation in drug response.

Although signaling through IRS-1 can activate these pathways in response to insulin or IGF-1 in many other model systems, when Irs-2 expression and function were compared between Irs1-/ and WT tumors, Irs-2 activity was significantly higher in the absence of Irs-1, a finding that is mimicked by transient suppression of Irs-1 by siRNA in vitro [ 79].

Dr. Schekman, who was born in St . Paul Minn., used one-celled yeast as a model system when he began his research in the 1970s.

Although suggestive, as with any animal model system, when extrapolating these data to human diagnostics, the effect of potential differences in oral milieus (e.g., saliva composition and oral cavity tissue structure) must be considered.

In this model system, when cells were starved from exogenous steroids using phenol red-free medium supplemented with charcoal-filtered serum for 7 days [ 42, 43, 47], MCF-7 and T47D cells ceased to proliferate compared to non-starved cells, whereas MCF-10A cell proliferation was unaffected (Fig.  1a).

As a result, Monte Carlo is slightly better suited to modeling systems when the desired morphology is represented by a metastable state; molecular dynamics on the other hand is more suited to finding defects that can arise in morphologies.

Whilst these methods are powerful in smaller model systems or when targeting limited numbers of cells, the assessment of larger scale tissue patterning in crops, such as the polarised patterning in wood as a result of RW induction, requires improved techniques for assessment and confidence.