Though yeast model systems are frequently used as an equivalent for the human system, recent findings suggest discrepancies between lower and higher eukaryotic systems.
Conflicting results about miR-9 expression and function in different model systems have been obtained, even though its sequence is 100% conserved (Delaloy et al., 2010; Leucht et al., 2008; Zhao et al., 2009).
Though many traditional model systems are beginning to make clear progress toward deciphering the complexity of regeneration, the humble amphioxus may yet find its niche in stem cell and regeneration research.
Even though these studies used less complex model systems than plant cells, this could explain the variations in fluorescence levels observed during this work.
They failed because they did not effectively treat the disease they were intended to treat, even though they showed biological activity in assays and model systems.
Indeed, even though RBM47 loss was associated with metastatic cancer clones in our model systems, evidence for selection against RBM47 was detected already in primary breast cancers.
Washington, Chicago, Paris and London all have model systems.
These systems, though, are still piecemeal.
25, 27, 30 On the other hand, the levels of phosphorylated p38 and PTEN were not affected in this model system even though they have been shown to be regulated by TGFβ in other model systems 27, 31 indicating the specificity of the altered levels of phosphorylated Erk and Akt by the blockade of TGFβ signaling.
For example, in a "default-interventionist" model System 2 processes are not always engaged though they are in "parallel competitive" models (both models include the constant automatic engagement of System 1).
