Sentence examples for model systems include from inspiring English sources

These model systems include transgenic animals expressing beta-amyloid peptide (Alzheimer's disease), polyglutamine repeat proteins (Huntington's disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia), and alpha-synuclein (Parkinson's disease).

Important concepts that are illustrated by these model systems include the ideas of conformational change both close to and at a distance from the triggering event, and the formation of a transitory water-linked proton pathway during a catalytic cycle.

Some of the zinc-binding groups that are currently being investigated in model systems include the hydroxyamates, carboxylates, amino carboxylates and sulphydryls [ 44, 45].

Other established model systems include xenografts from primary tumors or osteosarcoma cell lines in immunodeficient nude mice, which subsequently develop into tumors resembling osteosarcoma[ 13- 15].

Techniques for initiating degenerative changes in such model systems include AF injury (Elliott et al., 2008; Yoon et al., 2008), mechanical overload (Iatridis et al., 1999; Kroeber et al., 2002) and enzymatic treatment to reduce NP glycosaminoglycan content (Boxberger et al., 2008; Hoogendoorn et al., 2007).

Recent examples of such model systems include synthetic polymer-based scaffolds, 63 as well as ex vivo three-dimensional models using a natural matrix, in order to form a barrier between the endothelial and epithelial spaces, allowing lung cancer cell lines to be able to form lung nodules with intact vasculature.

The work also uses multiple model systems including cell culture, rodents, non-human primates, and human investigation.

Other model systems, including single-channel microfluidic hepatocyte cultures9 and organoid cultures10 are promising in their development, though they have not been evaluated regarding their susceptibility to HBV.

Our research program integrates techniques and model systems including small molecule and proteomic screening, biochemical analysis of protein function and model organism genetics.

Many other scientists applied this idea to other model systems, including the tissue culture cell line that Dr. Riley mentioned using earlier.

We take advantage of different model systems, including mouse models and in vitro neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells, and a combination of high-throughput data-driven and hypothesis-driven approaches.