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The Penman model requires five climatic parameters: temperature, relative humidity, wind, saturation vapor pressure, and net radiation.
The complete model requires five time constants (τ = k −1; the more self-explanatory time constants are used below instead of rate constants), which are determined by numeric optimization performed on experimental data.
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The model requires two anelastic parameters and twice the spatial derivatives of the lossless case.
The erosion risk model requires four main inputs, namely, information on slope, lithofacies, land use and vegetation cover.
The model requires eight empirical parameters that are obtained from comparisons with field data for various Keulegan Carpenter numbers and current to wave ratios.
The model requires two types of studies, namely: seismic hazard analysis and estimation of potential damage to structures based on damage probability matrices (DPM).
This model requires two major assumptions to be made the level of congestion in the plant that provides obstacles for flame front acceleration, and the explosion efficiency.
We find that the best-fit model requires two separate cyclotron resonant scattering features (CRSFs, cyclotron lines), i.e., broad absorption throughs in the hard X-rays, at ~35keV and ~50keV.
The study of the fracture behaviour of concrete structures using the fictitious crack model requires two fracture properties of the concrete mix, namely, the size-independent specific fracture energy GF, and the corresponding tension softening relation σ(w) between the residual stress carrying capacity σ and the crack opening w in the fracture process zone ahead of a real crack.
An intermediate model requires two transformations to be developed and maintained.
Each combined ETAS model requires two change points: the beginning and the end times of the swarm period, Tcp1 and Tcp2, respectively.
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