As a consequence, the Landmark model provided lower estimated effects than with the joint model.
The models provide lower and upper bounds to the expected level of dependency.
For Qiu and colleagues most shared intron positions should be gained independently [ 31], whereas most other models provide lower estimates (5-185-18%r the fraction of shared intron positions that result from independent insertions [ 23, 38, 39].
It is also found that the strain gradient model provides the lower bound and the stress gradient model provides the upper bound for the critical buckling load of nanotubes.
We can be certain, however, that search cannot succeed without contrast detection; thus our model provides a lower bound on the contrast required, or an upper bound on the distance at which detection is possible.
If stress measurement data is unavailable this paper introduces a pre-stressing procedure for 3D numerical Mechanical Earth Models that combines the poro-elastic model with the frictional equilibrium model to provide lower bounds for Shmin in extensional stress regimes.
The estimated Ev under model HET were more consistent with previous estimates for body weight in other species [ 5, 6], while model HOM provided lower estimates.
However, if acceptability is a concern, then we should pay attention to those factors that people have expressed as relevant to their acceptance of different models of consent, including those models that provide lower levels of individual control than they would ideally prefer.
Conversely, AOP provides lower change propagation impact.
The results of a simulation study suggest that the Poisson model provides more conservative (lower) estimates of the confidence for a given sample size and should therefore be preferred.
