As shown in Figure 1, comparing with the traditional box modeling procedure, the computation efficiency is highly improved using the ARMA(2n,2n – 1) modeling procedure.
Using this modeling procedure, the TVA parameters Ccentral and t0 were estimated (separately for letters and digits).
The SPSS 18 mixed model procedure and the Glimmix procedure in SAS were used to account for the clustered nature of the data.
The general linear model procedure of the SAS software package (SAS Institute Inc. 2009) is employed for this purpose.
All parametric analyses were undertaken using the general linear model procedure within the SAS software package (SAS-Institute-Inc. 2008).
The estimates of σg2, σgy2, and σe2 were obtained by analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the general linear model procedure of the statistical software SPSS 12.0.
We used the generalised additive model procedure of the SAS 9.1 statistical package.
Data were analyzed by using the General Linear Model procedure in the Statistical Analysis System (SAS Institute, version 9.2).
A significance test was conducted using analysis of variance in the general linear model procedure of the SAS System.
An analysis of variance (ANOVA) with type III sums of squares was performed using the GLM (general linear model) procedure of the SPSS software.
