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Of the six model plants in total, three were monocotyledonous (E. crus-galli, H. murinum, T. aestivum) and three were dicotyledonous (C. jacea, G. mollugo, D. carota).
Research on the molecular responses of plants to salinity has focused mostly on model species such as Arabidopsis thaliana, yet the value of model plants in identifying mechanisms that may confer stress tolerance to crops in the field remains to be seen [6].
High-throughput genotyping has revolutionized genetic analyses in humans, livestock species, crop and model plants in the past decade [ 1– 3].
The mechanism underlying environmental stress tolerance has been extensively studied in model plants in attempts to determine its impact on agriculture [ 40].
B. vulgaris, B. intermedia, B. stricta, and B. verna are four widely distributed biennial species that are commonly used as model plants in research [ 2, 3].
Physical maps built from large-insert BAC clones and anchored to linkage maps assist sequence assembly in whole genome shotgun (WGS) sequencing projects [ 1], enable positional cloning of genes/QTLs and structural studies on gene families [ 2, 3], and facilitate the isolation of homologous genes from model plants in heterozygous or polyploid species [ 4].
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New metabolites of CB3, including 2OH-CB3 and 3OH-CB3, were confirmed in whole poplars (Populus deltoides × nigra, DN34), a model plant in the application of phytoremediation.
Whether Magnolia, the assumed model plant in the traditional doctrine, favors this theory becomes very critical and important for angiosperm systematics.
Rice (Oryza sativa) is considered a model plant in monocots because of the relatively small size of its genome, which consists of about 430 Mbp and about 30,000 genes (Komatsu et al. 2003).
Moreover, some features and processes are likely to be unique for crop plants and hence cannot be approached via model plant in totality [ 26].
We wondered whether it has the conserved functions in rice, a model plant in monocotyledon, and addressed this question by reverse genetics, including overexpression and RNAi-knockdown approaches.
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