where are model parameters, denotes quantization step, and is the residual.
Patients from both sites were mixed and randomly divided into a set of data to be used for calibrating model parameters (N=12; denoted training set) and a set of data to be used for model validation (N=26; denoted validation set).
In the commonly used Markov model of DNA evolution, substitution rates are modelled with parameters denoting the probability of particular kinds of substitution over an infinitesimal time interval – the higher the probability of a substitution, the more frequently it occurs.
In Table 1, we indicate the execution time speedups between the standard implementation and the mesh-based approach for model parameter optimization (denoted as Model optimization) as well as fast lazy (denoted as Fast SPR) and slow lazy SPR searches (denoted as Slow SPR).
where represents a vector that contains the LP model parameters, and denote the -transform of the observed and residual signal, respectively, and corresponds to the prediction error filter (PEF), which has the property of whitening the input signal.
The model response will depend on a number of unknown parameters, denoted by p∈ P (P⊆ R q ).
The first parameters, denoted by Θ p, are contained in the mixture proportions of the above model, whereas the second two, denoted by Θ q, are quantitative genetic parameters.
In the "Geometric" model, parameter "Dim" denotes the dimension of the space where points are placed.
Activation of inactive MPF, i.e. the dephosphorylation of its cdc2 subunit, is assumed to be an autocatalytic process: The higher the amount of activated MPF (M A ), the higher is the activation rate; D tot is a model parameter that denotes the total amount of cdc2.
For example, we measured the influence of CpG to TpG substitutions, represented by the parameter CG ⇔ TG, in models that also included the nucleotide GTR exchangeability parameters, denoting the resulting models NFnuGTR+ CG ⇔ TG and TFnuGTR+ CG ⇔ TG.
