In the model analysis it is found that within the considered model parameter ranges the output-based payment outperforms the input-based payment, except for the cases of risk-averse land users and spatial spill-overs.
Table 1 Range and average reservoir properties used to build the base model Parameter Range Average Reference Min.
Additionally, the mid point of each model parameter range is evaluated to provide an initial point for the pattern search.
The paper demonstrates that using SWE data is superior to SCA for constraining model parameter ranges.
Model parameter ranges were selected by trial and error to visually match the observed trends.
The initial Niederer-model parameter ranges are given in Table 1, and were used to generate the initial experimental design (step 2 in Figure 2).
Techniques for translation of data into model parameter values range from relatively simple arithmetic conversions to more time-consuming methods of fitting mathematical and statistical models (see Additional file 1: Table S1).
Figure 3 shows, for example, diurnal and seasonal dependencies of four model parameters: minimum range, skip distance, elevation angle, and ratio between the total range to ground scatter and the range to the ionospheric reflection point (the ray trajectory apogee).
The values of Debye and Einstein temperatures have been computed using the values of the two model parameters, namely range and hardness (b), for a pair such as La/Ca/K O and Mn O, which have been evaluated from the equilibrium distance [41, 42, 43] and bulk modulus [44].
To account for uncertainty in model parameters, a range of possible values was assigned to each uncertain parameter.
We can conclude that the correspondence between models is better near the default values of the model parameters (narrow range), and becomes worse further from this point.
