A preclinical breast cancer cell model showed outgrowth of cells with acquired resistance to lapatinib with prolonged exposure, despite initial high sensitivity.
Importantly, in our model, axonal outgrowth and organization do not depend on electrical signaling that has particular sensory statistics (as for example proposed by Grabska-Barwińska and von der Malsburg (2008), suggesting that activity waves and locally periodic response patterns shape the connectivity).
Since myelin growth inhibition is considered a major hurdle to nerve repair following CNS injury, our in vitro model for process outgrowth could be useful in drug screens to identify potential therapeutics that could help mitigate barriers to nervous system regeneration.
The main aspects of limb development that have been modeled include outgrowth and shaping of the limb bud, establishment of molecular gradients within the bud, and formation of the skeleton.
This simple mouse outgrowth model can be used to determine the molecules that contribute to OEG-enhancement of axonal outgrowth, test therapeutic compounds, and compare the outgrowth potential of other treatments for SCI.
A more complicated issue is using PC12 cells as a model for neurite outgrowth.
In vivo inhibition of Ret in a metastatic breast cancer model inhibits tumour outgrowth and metastatic potential.
In this model, AIY neurite outgrowth would occur normally during development, but subsequently atrophy or degenerate; (3) DAF-18 could be required to promote neurite outgrowth during development.
The fly visual system provides a well-studied model for axon outgrowth, targeting, layer formation, and quantitative synapse formation (Hadjieconomou et al., 2011; Clandinin and Feldheim, 2009; Feller and Sun, 2011).
This study is based on an in vitro coculture model consisting of outgrowth endothelial cells and primary osteoblasts and is currently being used in different studies of bone repair processes with special regard to angiogenesis and osteogenesis.
