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This study was designed as a prospective laboratory experiment to elucidate potential interdependencies between COHb generation, oxygenation, and pulmonary shunt fraction (Qs/Qt) in an ovine model of smoke inhalation injury.
In addition, an integrated assessment model of smoke hazards is also established in order to assess the safety of different paths for evacuation or rescue in virtual training, which allows the trainees to learn to identify the safest path.
Our findings are consistent with the work of others showing the induction of IL-8 by CSE or cigarette smoke in human pulmonary DCs and in an in vivo model of smoke exposed mice [29].
Neutralization of peroxynitrite with peroxynitrite decomposition catalysts has been demonstrated to be cytoprotective and provide beneficial effects in an ovine model of smoke inhalation injury.
Additionally, in an animal and human in vitro model of smoke inhalation injury, Perng et al. [ 25] demonstrated that NOS-mediated activation of the host inflammatory response was attenuated by inhibiting a specific signaling pathway (adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase).
Our group uses an ovine model of smoke inhalation and sepsis to induce ALI [ 13], since smoke inhalation and sepsis are major contributors to mortality in burn patients [ 14].
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As previously reported, this model of smoke-exposure causes significant neutrophilic inflammation, which subsides following smoking cessation ([14], and Figure 1A, inset graph).
In our study we used a well-established model of smoke-induced emphysema in mice [ 20, 21].
Surprisingly, although epidemiological and in vitro studies suggested that quercetin has preventive effects on lung tumor, no in vivo preventive effects were observed in this model of smoke-induced lung tumor.
Based on an animal model of TS exposure previously described by others [ 21- 29] 29], we established a Swiss mouse model of smoke-induced lung tumor in order to evaluate the effects of the antioxidants quercetin and VE.
In the present study, we attempted to test the hypothesis that quercetin and VE can prevent lung tumor induced by tobacco smoke (TS) using an intervention model of smoke-induced lung tumor in Swiss mice [ 21- 23].
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