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To summarize the information from aligned bases, we included as one of the covariates a log-odds score based on a phylogenetic error model, which indicates how much more likely an observed base is under a model of sequencing error vs. a model that allows for true nucleotide substitutions only.
Following Felsenstein (2004), we use a simple model of sequencing error in which a base is misread as a random different base with probability ε and this probability is the same across sequences and sites.
Our results in detecting SNPs that are evolving under selection using a GP model clearly demonstrate the importance of careful modelling of the measurement uncertainty through a good noise model, in our case using the beta-binomial model of sequencing data.
In this article, we developed a new test that is based on combining GP models with a beta-binomial model of sequencing data, and compared it with the CMH test that allows the pairwise comparison of base and evolved populations across several replicates.
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The individual RNA secondary structures were analysed alone and with primary sequences employing a combined model of sequence-structure evolution.
The TrN+Γ [117] model of sequence evolution was used.
The model of sequence evolution was determined by MrModeltest software v. 2.2.
The optimal model of sequence evolution was identified using hierarchical likelihood ratio tests in MrModeltest 2.2 [12.2
The model of sequence evolution used was the generalized time-reversible (GTR) model with gamma-distributed rate variation.
Bayesian analyses, using the GTRIG model of sequence evolution as selected by MrAIC [59], were implemented in MrBayes 3.1.1 [60].
Sequences were simulated under the Felsenstein '84 [21] model of sequence evolution, with a transition/transversion ratio of 2.0 to model a moderate transition bias.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com