Moreover, in both models, treatment of regenerating appendages at mid-stages of regeneration (4 days post-amputation in zebrafish and early bud stage in the axolotl) completely blocked the process, suggesting that TGF-β/activin signaling is essential to maintain the proliferation of blastema cells.
Model organisms capable of regenerating are therefore of utmost importance for understanding the mechanisms of successful regeneration programs.
Id2 has been shown to be expressed in ductal epithelial cells of IFNγNOD mice, a model of a regenerating pancreas harboring hyperplasic ducts, and to be involved in their expansion [ 58].
Dunn's model for regenerating the sense of citizenship, Englishmen may be surprised to learn, is Britain.
In the regenerating pancreas, vigorous expansion of the β cell population was observed, and partial pancreatectomy and duct ligation has been a good model for regenerating endocrine cells.
To verify whether IL-6 production during regeneration was induced by the fibrillar type II collagen used for coating the filters in this model, we measured IL-6 production of regenerating chondrocytes on filters coated with various collagens.
Planarians of the species Schmidtea mediterranea are a powerful model organism for studying regeneration, as they are capable of regenerating any part of their body, including a functional brain, within a week after amputation14,15.
In vivo implantation of NGCs with microchannels into complete sciatic nerve transections of mouse models demonstrated the effective directional guidance of regenerating sciatic nerves via branching into the microchannels and extending toward the distal end of the injury site.
Planarians are flatworms capable of regenerating any missing body part and are a model system well suited for studying patterning and maintenance of tissue architecture during regeneration and tissue turnover1,2.
Regenerating axons tip in the crush model of the hypoglossal nerve exhibited prominent VAChT immunoreactivity in growing tip of regenerating axons.
