Exact(1)
In mechanics, the simplest model of oscillation equation is a single pendulum equation x ″ + ω 2 sin x = e ( t ) ( ≡ e ( t + 2 π ) ), whose anti-periodic solutions satisfy x ( t + π ) = − x ( t ), ∀ t ∈ R.
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By using a model of oscillations and virtual energy concept, an energy-based feedback control law with the observer of slow state variables is designed to provide desired stable oscillations of the pendulum with respect to the upright position.
Moreover, stochastic models of oscillations produce an entire power spectrum, not merely the peak frequency, further enabling comparison with experimental results.
The new model is based on a mathematical insulin secretion model of the oscillation and metabolic pathway of insulin secretion in a single β-cell, due to Bertram et al. [ 16- 18].
To see how these results apply to a specific model with two fast and one slow variables, we consider a simplified version of a model of calcium oscillations [30].
Our model is inspired by the work of [16], who considered the so-called PING model of gamma oscillations, consisting of a population of excitatory cells and a population of interneurons, with the interneurons delivering inhibition simultaneously to all excitatory cells, thus creating a synchronizing effect.
We generated time series using the chaotic Lorenz system of differential equations and the chaotic Haberichter model of Ca2+ oscillations.
We evaluated the Kaplan and Glass measure for determinism on the Lorenz system and the Haberichter chaotic model of Ca2+ oscillations, both with 10% noise added to mimic the noise estimated in the experimental data.
Critically, the inhibition model of alpha oscillations predicts that an increase in functional inhibition causes an increase in alpha amplitude.
To compare the performance of the software packages, we implemented the model of Min oscillations in E. Coli as described in [ 8] in each of the three software environments.
Using a model of p53-Mdm2 oscillations which contains 3 species, 6 reactions and 8 parameters (Geva-Zatorsky et al., 2006 and Supplementary Fig. S1) we simulated different numbers of time series of length 100 h and performed timing studies comparing the runtime on the GPU and the runtime on a single CPU (Fig. 1).
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com