Here's a quick rundown from the Nobel Foundation: Chemists used to create models of molecules using plastic balls and sticks.
But the women wore short skirts and stilettos as they pouted and giggled while clumsily dropping models of molecules all over the lab floor.
During his time in graduate school, Warshel had worked with Levitt on computer modeling of molecules using classical physics.
Karplus had already worked on computer programs that used quantum mechanics in modeling chemical reactions, whereas Warshel had extensive experience with computer modeling of molecules using classical physics.
During Levitt's time as a visiting fellow at the Weizmann Institute, he worked with Warshel (then a graduate student) on computer modeling of molecules using classical physics.
"It's like playing a three-dimensional puzzle," said Dr. Charles Knobler, a professor of chemistry and former department chairman at U.C.L.A. Dr. Cram used to walk around with large models of molecules trying to figure out how they might fit together, Dr. Knobler said.
As a news release explained it, "Chemists used to create models of molecules using plastic balls and sticks," but "today the modeling is carried out in computers," thanks in part to work done in the 1970s by the three new laureates.
The 3D feature right now works only with models of molecules in chemistry textbooks.
We now formalize this, using graph models of molecules as labels.
In recent weeks, Kno added a bunch of new features such as automated quizes, an activity stream of notes, integration with Khan Academy videos online, and 3D models of molecules generated on the fly.
