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To test for a phylogeographic signal in the data, we also derived pairwise RST values, which accounts for the stepwise mutation model of microsatellite alleles [19], and compared these to RST values in which allele sizes were permuted (1000 times) among alleles (pRST) [20] using the software SPAGeDi version 1.3 [21.3
For each generated data set, using the program Bottleneck version 1.2.02, we performed a Wilcoxon sign-rank test to determine whether a significant number of loci featured a heterozygosity excess, which is indicative of a recent botteneck event, assuming a two-phase mutation model (TPM; model of microsatellite mutation; [20]).
Generally, the data are consistent with the stepwise mutation model of microsatellite evolution.
Third, the model of microsatellite mutational behavior put forth here can be readily applied to the definition of microsatellite births.
This parameter uses the stepwise mutation model of microsatellite alleles and is based on the measure of population differentiation of Goldstein et al. (1995).
The absence of perfect CG dimer repeats but the presence of impure and CG-rich loci might support the latter model of microsatellite evolution.
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Distances based on allele size distribution (such as 2 and derived distances), taking a mutation model of microsatellites, the Stepwise Mutation Model, specifically into account, exhibit large variance and therefore should not be used to accurately infer phylogeny of closely related breeds.
sign test, standardized difference test and Wilcoxon sign rank test and a qualitative test for mode shift distortion of allelic frequencies were employed to evaluate mutation drift equilibrium under three different models of microsatellite evolution.
We performed the evaluation using the stepwise mutation (SMM) and two-phase models of microsatellite evolution, with the proportion of SMM and the variance set to 85%and12%2% respectively.
Ultimately, we are interested in measuring the conservation of microsatellites of any length, and therefore detailed models of microsatellite expansion and contraction may be unnecessarily complex for our purposes.
It was not intended to introduce new models of microsatellite evolution in this work, except to make slight modifications where it made the models more suitable for Bayesian inference in an MCMC setting.
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