The proposed model of fixation of rare parental variants is most consistent with the data.
Throughout the years, the model of fixation of chromosome rearrangements due to drift in small, inbreeding populations has been used to explain the establishment of rearrangements accepted as conferring disadvantages and reducing fertility in heterozygous [ 29].
The model of fixation of chromosome rearrangements from Lande [ 5] was used to estimate average long-term effective population size (Ne) from chromosomal data for TSA and also Anoura cultrata (ACU) for comparisons.
Four models of fixation were analysed: 1) first generation Puddu plate, 2) second generation Puddu plate with LHS, 3) first generation TomoFix plate with LHS without bone graft, and 4) first generation TomoFix plate with LHS and bone graft.
Quantitative versions of three models of fixation-duration frequency distributions are presented: those proposed by Suppes (1989), McConkie, Kerr and Dyre (1994) and a modified version of that proposed by Harris, Hainline, Abramov, Lemerise and Camenzuli (1988).
The CO2 gas liquid mass transfer and CO2 fixation efficiency by microalgae in the closed raceway pond were investigated, and the model of CO2 fixation by microalgae was developed.
The absence of "the one model" of chromosomal fixation can be attributed to the amount of variables associated with cellular, molecular, ecological, and population distinctiveness of each taxonomic group where chromosome rearrangements have become established [ 4].
The distribution of alternative sites is consistent with a model of random fixation: alternative splice sites tend to extend short exons, truncate long exons, and extend very short introns.
Here we address this question through comparative transcriptomic and biochemical analyses of closely related C3, C3 C4, and C4 species, combined with Flux Balance Analysis constrained through a mechanistic model of carbon fixation.
The resulting information, together with the mapping of other DNA sequences on the karyotype of closely related taxa, is valuable to test the predictions of different proposed models for fixation of chromosome rearrangements and provides a starting point to unravel the underlying forces shaping karyotypes of extant species.
We propose that because our results have shown that the rates of chromosomal rearrangements are not constant over time, they violate one of the major assumptions of Lande's model (homogeneous rate of fixation of chromosome rearrangements), and thus, this model is a poor predictor of historical population sizes for phyllostomid bats.
