Sentence examples for model of crowding from inspiring English sources

Van den Berg et al. (2010) proposed a feature integration model of crowding based on population codes that exhibits substitution-like behavior for example, source confusion.

We propose that a truly unified model of crowding must include a grouping stage.

Any model of crowding must receive the stimulus as input and produce the appropriate kind of observer response (e.g., a letter or a word).

A two-stage model of crowding including both feature detection and integration might involve V1 (Levi, 2008) and the extrastriate cortex (Robertson, 2003), respectively.

Levi's (2008) review of crowding suggests a growing consensus around a two-stage model of crowding encompassing both detection of simple features, possibly in V1, and integration of features downstream from V1. Support for this multi-stage view comes from a recent functional MRI study of the neural correlates of crowding in healthy individuals.

A distinction can be drawn between models of crowding that rely on information loss, with crowded items either suppressed [ 11, 12] or lost [ 13 15], and change-based models such as averaging [ 16] and flanker substitution [ 20 22].

Pooling and nonpooling, together, make up the space of all possible models of crowding.

These changes follow predictions from two change-based models of crowding.

Pooling and nonpooling (simple substitution) together include all possible models of crowding.

Our results are also inconsistent with inhibition-based models of crowding [ 11, 12] and explanations based on masking [ 17, 29 31].

These results confirm predictions from change-based models of crowding, such as averaging [ 16], and establish crowding as a regularization process that simplifies the peripheral field by promoting consistent appearance among adjacent objects.