Recently, there are more and more works on security models that model obligations [3],[3]]-[3]].
The ABC model (authorization, obligation, and condition) [34] was specifically designed to express security policies including usage control constraints.
While working at Lehman Brothers in 1990, I helped to develop a language called BondTalk to model collateralized mortgage obligations.
Within a year Salomon had revised their existing software to incorporate a language to model collateralized mortgage obligations.
A probabilistic fill-rate expression, also based on the loss function, is used to model the contractual obligations by providing a lower bound on the expected product sales.
In this article, an authorization support implementing the whole UCON model, including authorizations, obligations and conditions, has been integrated in a SIP system.
The rightwing government that replaced President Manuel Zelaya licensed hundreds of environmentally destructive mega-projects, including mines, hydroelectric dams and model cities, ignoring its obligation to seek consent from indigenous communities.
Hockert (Hockerts 2015) adopted Haines et al. (Haines et al. 2008) model to measure moral obligation.
Probably the greater culpability is on the side of the teacher who, as a role model, is under greater obligation to avoid corrupt behaviour.
The delegation of anaesthesia to certified farmers may be a promising model to reinforce the obligation to provide local anaesthesia for disbudding and castrating calves, but to a lesser extent for castrating lambs.
