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In fact, when the model is perturbed with different amounts of methicillin, its reply is proportional to the perturbation.
The model is perturbed from this reference state by a scaled NGRIP oxygen isotope curve and the SPECMAP sea-level reconstruction.
In [12], a piecewise linear economic model is perturbed in the way of regularization and its non-chaotic dynamic property is proved to be persistent against smoothing, which shows that this model is non-chaotic in nature.
The optimal control problem is solved as a boundary value problem in Matlab, where the constructed half-car suspension system model is perturbed by a road disturbance for the active and passive testing cases.
During the simulations, the model is perturbed from its stable equilibrium by a short current injection whose duration guarantees that the rapidly rising membrane potential will reach and cross its local maximum, creating a fully developed spike; see [12, 13, 47, 48] for more details.
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After constructing the ensemble of models for each of the split ratios, each model was perturbed by overexpressing Tkt, Tal and Pps two-fold, one at a time.
Each parameter in the model was perturbed by a uniformly distributed random number a j k = a j (1 + σ * (U j k - 0. 5 ) ), j = 1, …, 23, k = 1, …, 1 000, where U jk ~ U 0,1) and σ = 0.5 is the perturbation strength.
If a parameter in one of the circuits (considered as a model input) is perturbed by a certain amount the formation of the gene expression pattern (considered as the model output) will be perturbed as well.
That said, enough evidence has emerged from the complex phenotype seen in in vivo models where its expression is perturbed to support a role for FTO in the regulation of energy homeostasis.
A piecewise linear macro model with ceilings and floors is perturbed in the way of regularization to interpret economic reality more reasonably.
This paper concerns the dynamics of a stochastic SIVR epidemic model with imperfect vaccine where, differently from the epidemic model with perfect vaccine, the vaccinated is perturbed by the noise.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com