It has also been shown that HIF-1 in a pancreatic cancer model increases expression of c-MET and secretion of hepatocyte growth factor, both of which are associated with poor prognosis, metastasis and angiogenesis in solid tumours [ 16- 18].
Features associated to the 3D cell model are increased expression of matrix proteins and miRNA as well as stromal markers such as PPP1R1B and SNED1.
In model systems, increased expression of Ets-1 was found to be associated with enhanced angiogenesis and the invasive phenotype (Vandenbunder et al, 1994a, 1994b; Ito et al, 1998; Sato et al, 2000).
In summary, most genes in this model exhibit increased expression in challenged-susceptible birds compared to challenged-resistant or non-challenged birds at 5 dpi, indicating that susceptible birds have enhanced activation of their innate immune response after APEC infection.
Most of the genes that are differentially expressed between the models show increased expression in YAC128 striata and it is possible that this is due to the increased expression of HTT itself over the endogenous HTT expression.
OA cartilage in both humans and mouse models shows increased expression of HIF-2α.
Leptin may also promote tumor cell survival in xenograft models via increased expression of E-cadherin [ 17].
In human HD tissue and in brains of HD mouse models an increased expression level of calpains, namely, of calpains-1, -5, -7, and -10, and elevated enzyme activity have been reported [ 25, 26, 68, 69].
In the macrophage model, we observed increased expression (not over-expressed in the BALF model: iTRAQ ratio, 1.26) of the Tig factor in the ex vivo samples.
