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This model incorporates within-study and between-study heterogeneity in the CIs.
The random effects model incorporates within-study heterogeneity in the CI and produces more conservative estimates.
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Examination of the combined results was performed by a random effects model (inverse variance method), because this model is more conservative than the fixed-effects model and incorporates both within-study and between-study variance [ 15].
Risk estimates were calculated using a random-effects model, incorporating both within- and between-study variability [ 30].
The nonlinear rock physics model is incorporated within an aggregate elastic model (see Angus et al. 2011).
The proposed hardening model is incorporated within a rate-independent single crystal plasticity model.
We aggregated outcomes data at the study level and performed statistical calculations with Review Manager (RevMan) 5.0 (2009; The Cochrane Collaboration, Oxford, UK) using random-effects models [ 23], which incorporate both within-study and between-study variation and generally provide more conservative effect estimates when heterogeneity is present.
The mixed-effects model incorporates dependence of outcomes within a centre and treats centres as random intercepts.
Another limitation of the multivariate models presented here is that they rely on the normal approximation to binomial distribution to incorporate the within-study correlations in the model.
To incorporate both within-study and between-study variability, we used random-effects model to calculate the standardized mean difference and 95% CI to pool the results for Hcy.
We employed robust analytical strategies that incorporate the within-study and between-study differences.
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