Based on the experimental results, an analytical pullout behavior model considering fiber inclination was proposed.
This result is predicted by a model describing response inclination as the product of associative strength and contextual gain.
'Fiber inclination model' for 3D textile composites was adopted to decompose the 3D braided composite at quasi-microstructure level for the geometrical modeling in preprocessor of FEM.
Particular attention was dedicated on the consistency of the models for FRP strengthened structures with Eurocode 2 [12], since it assumes a method based on the truss model with variable inclination of the compressed strut.
Further measurements were carried out for the model with an inclination of 80° relative to the flow direction, the position of the crane boom when out of service, giving practically the same drag coefficients.
Gu and Ding (2005) refined the so called fibre inclination model to analyse ballistic penetration properties of 3D braided composite.
Cui et al. (2011) further modified the fibre inclination model with a FE code in LS-DYNA to simulate ballistic penetration of a hemispherical cylindrical steel projectile into a 3D angle-interlock woven composite.
In the rivet model the relative inclination between central rigid nugget and plate (along circumferential direction) is allowed by the introduction of an elastic revolute joint that offers a partial resistance in terms of radial moment.
An inclined borehole model with a small inclination angle is not recommended for use in the model experiment, and an appropriate COFT material and borehole size should be selected according to the actual circumstances.
Uncertainties in model predictions of declination, inclination and field intensity in general are smaller than 2° and 1.5 μT respectively, but can be as large as 8° and 5 μT for certain regions and times.
