This enables model fracture as a gradual and rate-dependent phenomenon in which the initiation and propagation of discrete cracks take place in the mixture microstructure.
One of the most important and challenging issues in modeling fracture networks and other geological structures like channel reservoirs is the connectivity of final realization so that disconnectivity of simulated nodes belonging to a particular structure is minimal.
The second is a static three-dimensional discrete fracture network (DFN) model, whose fracture and network statistics are based on the fractured sample of Utica shale.
The crack-layer model provides a framework for modeling fracture growth and lifetime prediction.
The Cohesive Crack Model (CCM) is employed for modeling fracture propagation and represents inelastic behavior ahead of fracture tip.
The topological derivative concept has been proved to be useful in many relevant applications such as topology optimization, inverse problems, image processing, multi-scale constitutive modeling, fracture mechanics and damage evolution modeling.
Special crack tip enrichment functions of XFEM are used to model fractures in orthotropic formations, and the maximum circumferential tensile stress criterion is modified to determine the fracture propagation direction.
For the induced stress, it can be obtained by RFPA 2D flow method, traditional FEM method, and cohesive interface method for modeling fractures (Olson and Wu 2012; Liu and Ai 2015; Guo et al. 2015).
Both geometric and mean-field models of fracture and fragmentation can account for the empirical size distribution.
This study investigates their inherent weaknesses and strengths for modelling the fracture and fragmentation process.
