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As early as May 1996, a Central Intelligence Agency report said that camel pox "could possibly serve as a research model for smallpox".
Cowpox virus (CPXV) inoculation of nonhuman primates (NHPs) has been suggested as an alternate model for smallpox (Kramski et al., 2010, PLoS One, 5, e10412).
One intriguing development is a potential animal model for smallpox developed by virologist Peter Jahrling of the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases in Fort Detrick, Maryland, and his colleagues.
In a paper recently published in Vaccine, the team showed that the new smallpox vaccine did not kill immunocompromised mice, like the standard vaccinia does; and in monkeys, it offered long-term protection from monkeypox, the best animal model for smallpox.
Many studies used i.v. delivery of MPXV as a model for smallpox and to test vaccines and countermeasures [33].
Overall, these results suggest that a valid animal model for smallpox may be feasible.
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Therefore, mousepox can be regarded a valuable small animal model for human smallpox and, in general, as a model for acute, fatal viral diseases.
Therefore, the aerosol route of transmission should be one of the features of an animal model which will be used as a model for human smallpox and monkeypox infection.
The IFNα/βBP has been shown to contribute to poxvirus pathogenesis in VACV infections (18, 19), and more recently this has been confirmed using the mousepox model, considered the best surrogate mouse model for human smallpox.
Our analysis uses a newly developed mathematical model: a continuous-time, event-driven network simulation model of smallpox ring vaccination.
To address this, antivirals have been developed and evaluated in animal models of smallpox and monkeypox.
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