While, myalgia was included in the model for pneumonia associated with influenza infection.
On multivariate analysis, myalgia was included in the model for pneumonia associated with influenza infection.
As duration of fever was not recorded in the Coventry validation population, a model was refitted in the derivation populations without the variable "duration of fever": the C statistic of this model for pneumonia was 0.80 (95% confidence interval 0.72 to 0.89) and for other SBIs was 0.86 (0.79 to 0.92), and all predictors had similar effects (data not shown).
Table 2 summarizes the Cox regression models for pneumonia mortality in men and women.
Subsequently, the models for pneumonia were adjusted for age, race-ethnicity, indoor tobacco smoke, breastfeeding, US Census region, household income under $20,000, and parental education level, whereas the models for cough were adjusted for race-ethnicity, indoor tobacco smoke, breastfeeding, US Census region, household income under $20,000, and parental education level.
After including these variables as independent predictors in univariate logistic regression models for pneumonia by QLUS, the statistical significance was reached only for volume of nonaerated lung calculated by quantitative CT (β =.079; odds ratio = 1.08 (95% CI from 1.03 to 1.14); P =.004) and distance from pleural line (β = −.0552; odds ratio =.95 (95% CI from.9 to.99); P =.028).
We identified published diagnostic models for pneumonia 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 by selecting references from an existing validation study 13; searching PubMed from 2003 to 2012, supplemented by checking article references; and selecting references from the recently updated guidelines from the European Respiratory Society for management of adults with lower respiratory tract infection.
We therefore studied a large group of primary care patients presenting with signs of lower respiratory tract infection, firstly, to validate published diagnostic models for pneumonia and, secondly, to quantify whether CRP and procalcitonin concentrations add information to history and physical examination, and whether these could be combined in a clinically useful diagnostic tool.
The pig has recently been shown to be a promising animal model for human pneumonia [ 10- 12].
We developed an age-structured population model for S. pneumoniae transmission in a human community exposed to heptavalent vaccine, and β-lactams, macrolides and ketolides.
Here, we present a dynamic model for S. pneumoniae transmission in schools.
