A general model for duplicate gene loss/retention is then presented that is capable of fitting expectations under the different models, is defined at t = 0, and decays to an orthologous asymptotic rate rather than zero, based upon a modified Weibull hazard function.
To date, mechanistic models for duplicate gene retention only account for the mutation-driven nonfunctionalization process.
Several models for duplicate gene retention and subsequent fates have been proposed, including genetic redundancy, gene dosage balance, genetic robustness, and divergence of protein sequence and expression patterns that can lead to neofunctionalization, subfunctionalization, or subcellular relocalization (reviewed in Sémon and Wolfe 2007; Hahn 2009; Innan and Kondrashov 2010).
This model is duplicated for each farm.
Before testing, the metal teeth were fixed to the plaster model using wax to create a master model, duplicated for the construction of each test RPE to ensure that they all had identical form (Figs. 2 and 3).
Differential induction of only one of the sister pair of duplicated fabp genes by FAs provides evidence to support the DDC model for retention of duplicated genes in the zebrafish genome by either subfunctionalization or neofunctionalization.
(with Timothy P. Walter) "A simulation model for purchasing duplicate copies in a library". Journal of Library Automation 7 73-82.
This implies that a substantial fraction of gene duplicates may not meet the standard of functional equivalency at birth, an integral component of Ohno's model for gene duplicate evolution and diversification [ 14].
In the gene conservation model for gene duplicate retention the paralogues retain the original function of the ancestral gene and the evolutionary advantage is to increase gene copy number [ 22].
And the model was duplicated elsewhere, with centers that focus on evolution and mathematical biology, for example.
