Fit of the seven items to each subscale (data not shown) and reduced item factors for the smaller sample (BiB1000) was broadly similar to the BiB cohort (Table 7), except for some severe model estimation problems on the reduced Severe Depression subscale (items 23 26).
The neuromuscular blockade model parameter estimation problem is taken as the case study for comparing the performances of the two strategies.
This might be explained by that the multilevel testlet model is the most complex model, and estimation problems can occur, such as unconverged or extreme solutions.
However, this model exhibited estimation problems and did not converge using numerical integration or quasi Monte Carlo integration, probably due to its complexity and the low proportion of disengaged responses for many items.
Data were insufficient to evaluate the fit of different models to data from Kiraira, and the upper confidence limit under the ECM was equal to the maximum population size we provided when fitting the model, indicating estimation problems.
To determine the personalized values of the windkessel models, which are used as part of the geometrical multiscale circulation model, a parameter estimation problem is formulated.
To systematically estimate the parameters of a biochemical kinetic model, the parameter estimation problem is often treated as an optimization problem in which parameter values are selected to minimize a certain objective function (Schwartz, 2008).
